Celebrations Today – April 11
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Juan Santamaría Day, anniversary of his death in the Second Battle of Rivas. (Costa Rica)
- International Louie Louie Day
- World Parkinson’s Day
Celebrations Today – USA: April 11
National Barber Shop Quartet Day
National Cheese Fondue Day
National Eight Track Tape Day
National Pet Day
National Submarine Day
National Equal Pay Day – Second Tuesday in April
National Library Workers Day – Tuesday of National Library Week
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Day
National Golfer’s Day
National Sibling Day
National Safety Pin Day
National Salvation Army Founders’ Day
Today in US History: April 11
Under the Sea
Holland Submarine
Nathaniel R. Ewan, photographer, July 17, 1936.
Built in America: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, 1933-Present
On April 11, 1900, the U.S. Navy acquired its first submarine, designed by Irish immigrant John P. Holland. Propelled by gasoline while on the surface and by electricity when submerged, the Holland served as a model for modern submarine design. By the eve of World War I, the Holland and Holland-inspired vessels were a part of large naval fleets throughout the world.
Proposals for underwater boats date back to the late 1500s. The first submarine actually constructed was probably a vessel created and tested in the early seventeenth century by Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebbel. Over the next two centuries, various inventors continued to work out design problems.
Submarines became more common in the nineteenth century, with a period of intense development occurring at the end of the century as nations strived to establish their sea power. A submersible craft, the Turtle was used briefly during the American Revolution. In the early years of the nineteenth century, U.S. inventor Robert Fulton also experimented with submarine designs.
Submarines were used in the United States in both the War of 1812 and the Civil War, but it was not until World War I that submarines became accepted military vessels.
Uncle Sam’s Largest Submarine,
The Detroit News Timely Topics,
Pacific and Atlantic Photos, Inc., photographer, circa 1915-1930.
Touring Turn-of-the-Century America: Photographs from the Detroit Publishing Company, 1880-1920
The First Submarine to Sink a Battleship
Horace Lawson Hunley (1823-63) of New Orleans was one of the developers of the Confederate submarine known as the H.L. Hunley. Four feet wide and about forty feet long, with a hull height of four feet and three inches, the H.L. Hunley was the first sub to sink a ship in battle.
Monitor Map…with Map on Large Scale of the Harbor of Charleston,
Louis Prang and Company, Boston, 1863.
Map Collections
Just outside the Charleston, South Carolina, harbor, while the city was under siege, the H.L. Hunley pushed a metal spar into the stern of the Union’s largest warship on February 17, 1864. Within minutes the 1,240-ton U.S.S. Housatonic sank. The nine-man crew of the H.L. Hunley signaled, but never returned to, its Sullivan Island destination. It was not until 136 years later (August 8, 2000) that the submarine was raised from the floor of Charleston Harbor.
For more about submarines in American Memory:
- Read the 1904 Congressional debates over the purchase of torpedo boats found in African American Perspectives: Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection, 1818-1907 for a fascinating account of the competition staged by the U.S. government to evaluate the submarines the Protector and the Holland. This document offers detailed descriptions of both vessels as well as Congressional opinions on the importance of submarine warfare. (John Holland’s rival, inventor Simon Lake, launched the Protector in 1902.)
- For more images related to submarines, search the American Memory photo collections on submarine. Among the materials available is a 1946 series of photographs documenting the U.S. Naval Submarine Base in New London, Connecticut.
- A search on submarine in the Library’s Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC) yields nearly five hundred records including images of submarines, naval bases, and posters.
- View inventor Robert Fulton’s submarine designs from 1806 featured in the online exhibition American Treasures of the Library of Congress.
Today in History – April 11-External Links
Today’s Weather in History
Today in Earthquake History
This Day in Naval History
Today’s Document from the National Archives
Today’s Events, Births & Deaths –Wikipedia
Today in History by AP
On this Day -1950 to 2005 – Today’s Story–BBC
On This Day: The New York Times
This Day in History –History.com
Today in Canadian History – Canada Channel
History of Britain that took place On This Day
Russia in History –Russiapedia