Celebrations Today – April 16
Holidays and observances
- Christian feast day:
- Birthday of José de Diego (Puerto Rico, United States)
- Birthday of Queen Margrethe II (Denmark)
- Emancipation Day (Washington, D.C., United States)
- Foursquare Day (International observance)
- Memorial Day for the Victims of the Holocaust (Hungary)
- National Healthcare Decisions Day (United States)
- Remembrance of Chemical Attack on Balisan and Sheikh Wasan (Iraqi Kurdistan)
- World Voice Day
Celebrations Today – USA: April 16
National Orchid Day
National Bean Counter Day
National Eggs Benedict Day
National Healthcare Decisions Day
National Wear Your Pajamas to Work Day
Easter – Changes Annually
National Income Tax Pay Day
National Jackie Robinson Day
National McDonald’s Day
National Griper’s Day
National That Sucks Day
World Art Day
Today in US History: April 16
Abolition in the District of Columbia
On April 16, 1862, President Lincoln signed an act abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia, an important step in the long road toward full emancipation and enfranchisement for African Americans.
“Celebration of the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia by the Colored People, in Washington, April 19, 1866” [detail], sketched by F. Dielman,
Harper’s Weekly, May 12, 1866.
African American Odyssey
This illustration from Harper’s Weekly depicts the fourth anniversary of the District’s Emancipation Act. On April 19, 1866, African American citizens of Washington, D.C., staged a huge celebration. Approximately 5,000 people marched up Pennsylvania Avenue, past 10,000 cheering spectators, to Franklin Square for religious services and speeches by prominent politicians. Two of the black regiments that had gained distinction in the Civil War led the procession.
Before 1850, slave pens, slave jails, and auction blocks were a common site in the District of Columbia, a hub of the domestic slave trade. In the words of one slave who worked for a time in the District’s Navy Yard:
…I generally went up into the city to see the new and splendid buildings; often walked as far as Georgetown, and made many new acquaintances among the slaves, and frequently saw large numbers of people of my color chained together in long trains, and driven off towards the South.Charles Ball, “Fifty Years in Chains or The Life of an American Slave,” 18-19,
in First-Person Narratives of the American South, 1860-1920
As slavery became less profitable in the border states, many traders purchased slaves and shipped them to the Deep South. In cities such as New Orleans, slaves often were resold at a higher price to cotton, rice, and indigo plantation owners. Abolitionists petitioned Congress in 1828 to abolish the District’s notorious trade. Yet, despite the efforts of John Quincy Adams and others, Congress gagged discussion of the issue for nearly 20 years.
In 1849, Illinois Congressman Abraham Lincoln attempted to introduce a bill for gradual emancipation of all slaves in the District. Although the District’s slave trade ended the following year, his emancipation attempt was aborted by Senator John C. Calhoun and others.
As president, Lincoln was better able to effect the issue. He saw slavery as morally wrong yet held it to be an institution dying under its own weight, to be abolished by voter consent. But, as commander in chief, Lincoln also realized the military expediency of emancipation. He abolished slavery in the Capital five months prior to issuing his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. The law he signed eventually provided District slave holders compensation for 2,989 slaves.
Twenty-one years later, on April 16, 1883, Frederick Douglass spoke at a commemoration of abolition in the District. He called attention to African Americans’ continued struggle for civil rights:
It is easy to break forth in joy and thanksgiving for Emancipation in the District of Columbia, to call up the noble sentiments and the starting events which made that measure possible. It is easy to trace the footsteps of the [N]egro in the past, marked as they are all the way along with blood. But the present occasion calls for something more. How stands the [N]egro to-day?Address by Hon. Frederick Douglass, delivered in the Congregational Church, Washington, D.C., April 16, 1883.
African American Perspectives: Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection, 1818-1907
Frederick Douglass House, Washington, D.C., 1977.
Built in America: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, 1933-Present
- Find the full text of the Address by Hon. Frederick Douglass, delivered in the Congregational Church, Washington D.C. , as well as six other speeches by Frederick Douglass, in African American Perspectives: Pamphlets from the Daniel A. P. Murray Collection, 1818-1907.
- Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936-1938 contains more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves. Read, for example, the narrative of Esther Green, “Us Chillun Wore Shoes Like Grownups,” or the Reeves Tucker narrative “Ex-slave Stories (Texas).”
- For additional stories search on the term slave narrative in First-Person Narratives of the American South, 1860-1920.
- The African-American Mosaic includes a broadside issued during the 1836 campaign to have Congress abolish slavery in the District of Columbia; to find it, go to the section on Abolition and scroll down the page to the image entitled, “Slavery in the Washington, D.C. area.”
- View the African American Odyssey, an exhibition showcasing the Library’s incomparable collections documenting the history of African Americans.
- Mr. Lincoln’s Virtual Library offers material that illuminate Lincoln’s life (1809-1865). The Emancipation Proclamation draft and other documents in it are from The Robert Todd Lincoln Family Papers, donated by Abraham Lincoln’s son and housed in the Library’s Manuscript Division.
- Search the Today in History Archive on emancipation, slave or John Quincy Adams to find more material.
- Find more resources for the District of Columbia in the Guide to Washington, D.C. Materials.
- View The District of Columbia Emancipation Act, which is featured in the National Archives Exhibit Hall.
Today in History – April 16-External Links
Today’s Weather in History
Today in Earthquake History
This Day in Naval History
Today’s Document from the National Archives
Today’s Events, Births & Deaths –Wikipedia
Today in History by AP
On this Day -1950 to 2005 – Today’s Story–BBC
On This Day: The New York Times
This Day in History –History.com
Today in Canadian History – Canada Channel
History of Britain that took place On This Day
Russia in History –Russiapedia